The general query pane is part of the General citation search page. Please consult that page for general search tips.
This pane contains the following fields.
Enter the names of the authors you want to look up. The recommended format is to use one or more initials and to quote each name, for example "A Harzing". Try to use the initials that the author usually publishes under. You can enter more than one name; this behaves as an AND clause (only co-authored paper), for example "A Harzing" "NG Noorderhaven". To perform an OR query (individual papers AND co-authored ones), include OR in the query: "A Harzing" OR "NG Noorderhaven"
For more search tips, see Author impact analysis.
Enter the name of the publication you want to look up. The recommended format is the full title enclosed in quotes, for example "Journal of International Business". However, you might have to experiment with common abbreviations as well.
For more search tips, see Journal impact analysis.
Enter any additional words that must all appear in the returned papers. This can be used to narrow down the search for a specific set of papers.
Enter any additional words that must appear alone or in combination in the returned papers. This can be used to narrow down the search for a specific set of papers.
Enter any additional words that must not appear in the returned papers. This can be used to narrow down the search for a specific set of papers.
Enter a phrase (i.e., a specific sequence of words) that must all appear in the returned papers. This can be used to narrow down the search for a specific set of papers.
Enter the range of years in which the papers must have been published. You can set either year to 0 (zero) to indicate "don't care".
Check the boxes of the subject areas that you want to search in; clear the others. Clearing all boxes has the same effect as checking them all: the lookup will ignore the subject areas.
Please note that the subject area classification is not always accurate; see Accuracy of the results for more information.
Check this box to restrict the additional word matches (i.e., All of the words, Any of the words, None of the words, The phrase) to the titles of the returned papers; clear the box to match them anywhere in the papers.
Click this button to perform the query. If possible, the query is satisfied from the local Publish or Perish cache; this saves time and reduces the load on Google Scholar. If no cache entry for the query exists or the entry is older than the maximum cache age, then the query is forwarded to Google Scholar. After the results are received from Google Scholar, the local cache is automatically refreshed.
Tip: You can change the maximum cache age in the Preferences - Queries dialog box, which is accessible through the File > Preferences command.
Click this button to send the query directly to Google Scholar, bypassing the local Publish or Perish cache. This may be useful if you suspect that Google Scholar may have newer information available than is available through the local cache. When the results are returned from Google Scholar, the local cache is automatically refreshed.
Note: It is not useful to perform multiple direct lookups for the same query shortly after another; this merely increases the load on Google Scholar and increases the chance that your computer may be temporarily denied access by Google Scholar. We recommend that you only use the Lookup Direct function as a last resort.